Showing posts with label A Short History Of Nearly Everything. Show all posts
Showing posts with label A Short History Of Nearly Everything. Show all posts

Friday, 8 June 2012

Rain, Rain; Go Away II

The way that it has been explained to me is that between 4.5 and 4.3 billion years ago when the Earth was just a mass of gas like the stars and our beloved sun, a combination of gravity and cooling pulled on the heavier elements to form a molten, volatile surface of proto-Earth. A pressurised mixed atmosphere of heavy elements formed and water molecules that did not escape the Earth's gravity cooled to form vapour clouds that fell as rain. These heavy element rains continued to cool and fall and in due time the water that did not vaporise at the same rate that it fell, formed the oceans, lakes and rivers. And within the primordial oceans and pools of water, about 4.2 billion years ago, there came life.

We have much to be thankful for because of the rain and scientists continue to state that water is the key element for presence of life on this planet ... It is the rain that waters the crops that feed the planet and it is the same rain that sustains the rainforests that help absorb the CO2 that we produce in abundance. We cleanse ourselves with water, cool and warm our modern homes with it and we know clean fresh supplies of water are often a precious and scarce commodity. We need that cycle of rain to renew our supplies and I am grateful, as I have already stated.


... except the 2012 version of me is a little annoyed at having listened to months and months of gloom stories about the imminent drying up of British reservoirs. It is June, and we are having to face yet more wet Yorkshire days.

The rain was always something of a novel occurrence when it happened when I was living in Abu Dhabi, and arguably there was more need for a national Salat-ul-Istisqa (Prayer for Rain). In Yorkshire however, rainfall happens all the time and it is the lack of maintenance to the Victorian-era network of pipes (from which a third of the conserved water seeps before it reaches the domestic tap); not the lack of rain that should be the prime concern. Here, wet days = grey skies and living under a terminal blanket of grey = misery. Yes, I am not shy about saying, that I wished it rained less, and no, I don't think that just because we have a few days of sun that we are in the grips of global climate change. It irritates me to have to listen to that.

Michael Crichton's, 2004 techno-thriller, State of Fear came in for considerable scientific criticism mainly because it challenged post-modern scientific views on global warming. Whatever the truths, it is that 'state of fear' that is drilled into us every day about drought, impending shortages, freak weather systems and so on that seem to keep the British happy to remain at most ease when they are living under a constant blanket of rain.

Sure there are truths about water conservation where it is wise to listen to advice, but when it comes to the English and their sense of water panic, I have learned to not to always listen to popular opinion ...

Note: The title of this post is inspired by this post that I made in 2009. Here's another post where I express more disdain about the rain. Neither post, incidentally had anything to do with that favourite English pass-time for discussing the weather since neither posts were made in England. 

Saturday, 17 July 2010

Human Connectivity 1

An interesting thought that is touched upon in Bill Bryon's book is that of the human chain of connectivity. In exploring genetics and inheritance through Mathematics he shows that, according to a pyramid model, it becomes something of an impossibility. My interest in this means that I look upon this through a different lens - I'm more interested in what it eventually says about US as people and how, ultimately we are all connected - whatever our racial and ethnic background.

Consider the Mathematics that Bryon explores: we have 2 parents and 4 grandparents and 8 great-grandparents. 16 people were our grandparents' grandparents and this increases the further we go back. Eight generations back, we we owe our biological existence to 256 people and so on.


SELF
2 PARENTS
4 GRANDPARENTS
8 GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
16 GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
32 GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
64 GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
128 GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
256 GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENT
512 GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GREAT-GRANDPARENTS
(keep on doubling the figure to go back another generation)

Twenty generations back (about 450 years) we are related to 1,048,576 great ancestors. Five generations before, our existence depends on 33,554,432 people - another five generations before (30 generations back) and we are now counting in figures over a billion. Continue this trend and go back to the time of the Romans and the time-line by which the Gregorian Calendar is fixed (2000 years), then we have a total number of one million trillion people in our immediate ancestry.


According to those who study paleodemographics however, there is something wrong here ... because that last figure is more than the said number of people who have ever lived ...

... allow me to continue in the next instalment InshAllah ...

Wednesday, 14 July 2010

A Short History ...

... of Nearly Everything

There's a page dedicated to the errata, so not everything you will read in Bill Bryson's book, A Short History Of Nearly Everything, is accurate, but the book is otherwise a very interesting document that charts the journey from the Big Bang to the Rise of Civilization.


Consider this quote taken from
the book:
The Big Bang theory isn't about the bang itself but about what happened after the bang. Not long after, mind you. By doing a lot of maths and watching carefully what goes on in particle accelerators, scientists believe they can look back to 10-43 seconds after the moment of creation when the universe was still so small that you would have needed a microscope to find it.
Scientists, thus can go back in time as far as one ten million trillion trillion trillionths of a second after the Big Bang took place (that is 0.0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001 seconds) after time began, before which there was nothing - no time, no universe, no matter. The rest of the book is an interesting story of numbers, figures, scientific biographies charting major discoveries, hurdles and theories of the rise of life on earth. One major consideration is how life is said to have appeared on Earth around 3.85 billion years ago.

Considering the Earth is generally considered to be 4.54 billion years old (4.54 × 109 years ± 1%) and the surface is said to have cooled around 3.9 billion years back, life appeared early.


I feel that I must mention that as a Muslim I strongly believe that ultimately Allah is all knowing and that what we put together as knowledge here is ever-changing and only a fraction of the truth. Bill Bryson himself notes that 99.9% of life that ever crossed the surface of this planet did not leave behind fossil evidence and whilst I think this is completely possible, how does anyone know, for example that this figure is 99.9%?


The book however got me thinking about a number of things, some of which I will return to in future posts, InshAllah.

Listen to the Bill Bryon interview here.
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